* FAT16
FAT16 was introduced by MS-DOS in 1981 (very old already). Initially, the system is designed to manage files on the floppy drive and changed several times so it is used to organize files on disk. The advantage is the FAT16 file system is compatible in almost any Operating System be it Windows 95/98/Me, OS / 2, Linux and even Unix. But behind it the biggest problem of FAT16 is having the capacity of a fixed number of clusters in the partition, so the bigger hard drive then the size of the cluster will be greater, meaning that the file no matter how small it would take 32 KB of disk. Another bad thing is FAT16 does not support compression, encryption and access control in the partition.
* FAT32
FAT32 system began in the know on Windows 95 SP2, and is a development of more than FAT16. The amount of FAT32 offers the ability to accommodate a larger cluster in the partition. It also developed the ability to drive is better than FAT16. However, FAT32 has a weakness that is not owned FAT16 is limited Operating System that can recognize FAT32. Unlike FAT16 which can be known by almost every Operating System, but it does not matter if you are running FAT32 on Windows XP because Windows XP does not matter what file system in use on the partition.
* NTFS
NTFS on first introduced in Windows NT and is a file system that is completely different in the appeal FAT technology. NTFS offers much better security, file compression, clusters and even support data encryption. NTFS is the standard file system for Windows XP and if you do a regular upgrade of Windows you will be asked if you want to upgrade to NTFS or keep using FAT. But if you've done the upgrade on Windows XP and do not make changes to NTFS it does not matter because you can convert it to NTFS at any time. But remember that if you are already using NTFS will arise a problem if you want to downgrade to FAT without losing data.
In general NTFS is not compatible with other Operating System installed on the same computer (Double OS) is not detected even if you do StartUp Boot using the floppy. For that it is advisable to you to provide a small partition that uses the FAT file system at the beginning of the partition. You can use this partition to store the Recovery Tool if it got into trouble. But with technology now that has Windows Xp Recovery Tool itself, I think it's not so important because the ability of the Windows XP Recovery Tool is pretty good.
* Swap
Swap (swap memory) is the area outside the main memory (eg on disk or in media such as USB flash disks, etc.) used by the OS to enlarge the capacity of virtual memory (total memory), so that we can run more programs / processes in same time, and [some] of memory used programs that are not used can be exchanged in the swap first place.
Understanding the Kernel and the Boot Sector
* Kernel
kernel is a software which is a major part of an operating system. His duty to serve a variety of application programs to access the computer hardware securely.
* Boot sector
boot sector is an area in the hard drive is first accessed when the computer turned on. Or a program that [underlying / make] a central core of a computer operating system. [It] has complete the control (in) over everything that happens the system.
Source: http://wafiq30.blogspot.com/2009/12/perbedaan-fat16-fat32-ntfs-dan-swap.html
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